An Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) is indeed a type of hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell that utilizes concentrated potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the electrolyte. Here’s a detailed overview of an Alkaline Fuel Cell:
Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC)
Electrolyte:
Composition: The electrolyte in an AFC is typically a concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH). The concentration of KOH can vary between 35% to 85% by weight, depending on the desired operating temperature of the fuel cell.
Function: KOH serves as an ion conductor, facilitating the transport of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from the cathode to the anode during the electrochemical reactions.
Operating Temperature:
Range: The operating temperature of an AFC can vary significantly based on the concentration of the electrolyte:
AFCs with lower KOH concentrations (around 35% by weight) operate at temperatures below 120°C.
AFCs with higher KOH concentrations (up to 85% by weight) can operate at temperatures approximately up to 250°C.
Impact: The temperature influences the efficiency and performance of the AFC, with higher temperatures typically allowing for faster electrochemical reactions but requiring more robust materials and cooling systems.
Electrochemical Reactions:
Advantages:
Efficiency: AFCs have high efficiency in converting chemical energy (from hydrogen and oxygen) directly into electrical energy.
Environmental Friendliness: AFCs produce only water and heat as byproducts, making them environmentally friendly power sources.
Applications: Suitable for stationary power generation, space applications, and potentially in transportation sectors where hydrogen infrastructure exists.
Challenges:
Operational Temperature: Higher operating temperatures can increase system complexity and material requirements.
Durability: Maintenance of KOH concentration and management of electrolyte flooding can affect long-term durability and performance.
Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) are an important type of hydrogen fuel cell technology that operates using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the electrolyte. They offer high efficiency and have applications across various sectors, contributing to clean and sustainable energy solutions.
