American Wire Gauge

The American Wire Gauge (AWG) system is a standardized method for measuring the diameter of electrical wires. It’s commonly used in the United States and Canada.

• Gauge Number: In the AWG system, the gauge number indicates the wire’s diameter. The scale is somewhat counterintuitive: as the gauge number increases, the wire diameter decreases. For example, a 12 AWG wire is thicker than a 22 AWG wire.
• Wire Diameter: The diameter of the wire corresponds to a specific gauge number. Each gauge has a precise diameter in both inches and millimeters. For example:
• 12 AWG wire has a diameter of about 2.05 mm (0.081 inches).
• 22 AWG wire has a diameter of about 0.64 mm (0.025 inches).
• Wire Resistance and Current Carrying Capacity: As the diameter of the wire decreases (higher gauge number), its electrical resistance increases, and its current carrying capacity decreases. This means thicker wires (lower AWG numbers) can carry more current with less resistance and heat.
• Applications: The AWG system is used for various electrical and electronic applications, including wiring in homes, appliances, and electronic devices. It ensures that wires can handle the appropriate amount of current without overheating or causing voltage drops.
• Gauge Range: The AWG system covers a range from 0000 (4/0) gauge (the thickest) to 40 gauge (the thinnest).

The AWG system provides a standardized way to specify wire sizes, ensuring compatibility and safety in electrical installations.