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Bakelite is a trademarked name for a synthetic thermosetting plastic resin that was widely used in the early 20th century, particularly in electrical and industrial applications. Here are some key points about Bakelite:
- Invention and Composition: Bakelite was invented by Belgian-American chemist Leo Baekeland in 1907. It is made by polymerizing phenol with formaldehyde under heat and pressure. The resulting material is a hard, dense, and durable plastic.
- Properties: Bakelite was valued for its electrical insulating properties, heat resistance, and mechanical strength. It could be molded into complex shapes and was used extensively in electrical switches, automotive parts, and household items like telephones and radios.
- Thermosetting Plastic: Unlike thermoplastics that soften when heated and can be remolded, Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic. Once molded and cured, it retains its shape and cannot be melted or reshaped by heating.
- Applications: In addition to electrical parts, Bakelite found uses in consumer goods, jewelry, and even firearms during World War II. Its popularity declined in the mid-20th century with the introduction of newer plastics like polystyrene and polyethylene.
- Legacy: Despite being largely replaced by newer materials, Bakelite remains iconic for its role in the development of plastics and its distinctive appearance. Collectors value vintage Bakelite items for their unique colors and durability.
Leo Baekeland’s invention of Bakelite marked a significant milestone in the history of plastics, laying the groundwork for the widespread use of synthetic polymers in industry and everyday life.
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