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Definition:
Bipolar plates are conductive components used in fuel cell stacks. Each plate serves dual purposes: as an anode for one fuel cell and as a cathode for the adjacent cell. They are crucial for the efficient operation of the fuel cell stack.
Key Characteristics:
- Material: Bipolar plates can be made from metals (such as stainless steel or titanium) or conductive polymers (often carbon-filled composites). The choice of material affects the plate’s durability, conductivity, and cost.
- Design: These plates typically have flow channels to direct the reactant gases (hydrogen and oxygen) to the cell electrodes. They may also include conduits for managing heat and ensuring uniform temperature distribution.
- Functionality: They ensure electrical conductivity between adjacent cells in the stack, facilitating the flow of current while maintaining separation of the reactant gases to prevent mixing and potential reactions.
Applications:
- Fuel Cells: Used in various types of fuel cells, including PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) and SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cells), where they play a critical role in the overall performance and efficiency of the system.
- Energy Conversion: Integral to systems converting chemical energy into electrical energy in a controlled and efficient manner.
Importance:
- Electrical Conductivity: Bipolar plates need to have high electrical conductivity to efficiently transfer electrical current between cells.
- Corrosion Resistance: They must be resistant to corrosion, especially in the harsh chemical environment of fuel cells.
- Thermal Management: Proper design of flow channels and heat conduits helps in managing the temperature within the fuel cell stack, ensuring stable operation.
In summary, bipolar plates are essential components in fuel cell technology, contributing to electrical conduction, reactant flow management, and thermal regulation within the stack.
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