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A universal motor is a type of electric motor that can operate on either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). Here’s how it works:
- Construction: The universal motor is similar in construction to a DC motor, with a wound armature and field coils. However, it is designed with special features that allow it to run on both AC and DC power sources.
- Armature Design: The armature of a universal motor typically consists of a laminated iron core wound with coils of wire. This armature is mounted on a shaft and placed within the magnetic field created by the motor’s field coils.
- Field Coils: Like other types of motors, the universal motor contains field coils that generate a magnetic field when current flows through them. This magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field of the armature, causing it to rotate.
- Brushes and Commutator: The universal motor uses brushes and a commutator to switch the direction of current flow in the armature windings. This allows the motor to operate on both AC and DC power sources by reversing the direction of current flow as needed.
- Versatility: The ability to operate on both AC and DC power sources makes the universal motor highly versatile. It can be used in a wide range of applications, including power tools, vacuum cleaners, kitchen appliances, and small appliances.
- Speed Control: Universal motors are known for their high speed and torque characteristics, making them suitable for applications where variable speed control is required.
- Compact Size: Universal motors are often compact in size and lightweight, making them ideal for portable and handheld devices where space is limited.
Overall, the universal motor offers flexibility, compactness, and high performance, making it a popular choice for a variety of applications in both consumer and industrial settings.
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